What Should Be The Focus Of American Public Schools

What should be the focus of American public schools No Child Left Behind (NCLB) holds all elementary schools, regardless of student characteristics, accountable for achieving proficient student scores in reading and math. By demanding that schools report achievement for racial, ethnic, and economic subgroups, the accountability system aims to shine a light on schools that â€Å"leave children behind.† Public Schools in America for a long time were regarded as the best public schools in the world, but with the development of Asian and European schools American schools are not ranked as highly. American Public schools in 1999 were ranked sixteenth and seventeenth in science and math right behind Bangladesh. Some students are graduating from high school with little more than an inadequate ability to read and a diploma that should mean the student knows at least the core subjects. Other students are dropping out and not graduating at all. Colleges are not trusting diplomas and grade point averages as a basis of admissions because they know that with the large variety of classes that high schools offer as credit that the student may not know as much as his or her GPA says. Colleges are recalculating GPA s deleting non-core classes and evaluating SAT and ACT scores for the purpose of admissions. Colleges also have to offer more remedial classes to teach students what they should have le arned in high school. Something needs to be done to reform America s public schools, especially atShow MoreRelatedEarly American Education and Early Education Laws1179 Words   |  5 PagesLincoln EARLY AMERICAN EDUCATION Harvard Started by the Congregationalist, Harvard was founded as a school that trained men for the ministry of being a pastor (Barton, (2004)). Its philosophy was â€Å"Christ and the church and to the glory of God† (Barton, (2004)). This school produced great men such as Cushing, Pickering and many more that would lay a Godly foundation for education (Barton, (2004)). Yale Started by the Congregationalist, this too was founded as a school to train men forRead MoreSingle Sex Education : Harmful Or Helpful?1654 Words   |  7 Pagestaught equally? The public school system has reverted back to old ways. While we see ourselves as evolving and working past differences, the public school system quite possibly could be holding us back. Single-sex schooling has been prevalent since the beginning of school days, as originally, schools were meant for boys. Since then, we have worked hard and fought for equality, so why should we revert back? Some say it’s because we need to improve our test scores within our schools, and segregation byRead MoreThe Assessment Of School Effectiveness Essay937 Words   |  4 Pagesof School Effectiveness According to research conducted by Southwest Educational Development Laboratory (SEDL) on Vision, Leadership, and Change (2016), a school’s vision provides direction to an organization by stating what it wishes to achieve. It is a signpost pointing the way for all who need to understand what the organization is and where it intends to go (Vision, Leadership, and Change, 2016). Effective schools have a shared vision, or common cause, that is used to drive a school inRead More`` Reign Of Error Is American Education For The Lives Of Our Children? Essay1247 Words   |  5 Pagesof Error. Is American education in crisis? Is American education failing or declining? What is the evidence for reform being promoted by the government and adopted by many states? What should we do to improve our schools and the lives of our children? According to Ravitch, the â€Å"crisis† concerning American education is actually a myth. In this book, she addresses myth after myth prov iding adequate clarity and information. She looks deep into the facts and brings to light what is actually happeningRead MoreA History of Curriculum Changes in Public Schools783 Words   |  4 PagesHistory of Curriculum Changes in Public Schools The curriculum of the public school system in America has transformed greatly over time. Its original roots that branch from early Puritan schools where the Bible was taught to where education was offered only to the privileged. Most schools had an educational system based on religious teaching methods. The government became involved, and developed an unconstitutional clause known as the separation of church and state. Schools were no longer simply basedRead MoreWe’ve Found Superman All of the facts point to one prevailing conclusion; America’s school system1300 Words   |  6 PagesSuperman All of the facts point to one prevailing conclusion; America’s school system is failing. No film makes this clearer than â€Å"Waiting for Superman,† directed by Davis Guggenheim. In the film, Guggenheim does not hold back in his onslaught of surprising, yet true, facts. Guggenheim points out that Americans are failing compared to the world in major areas of study, such as math and science. However, there is one place American children lead the world; Confidence. Guggenheim says that there is aRead MoreEqual Opportunity In Public Education Essay1253 Words   |  6 Pagesamounts still remain. Despite the current issues affecting equal opportunity in education today, public education strives to provide equal opportunities for all students. Students came to receive equal education opportunities through a chain of events. Brown vs. Board of Education began the integration of American public schools. The Supreme Court decided that segregation had no place in public schools; they felt that segregation created a feeling of inferiority, which in turn affected students learningRead MoreWashington Dc Schools Are No Longer Used For Educating951 Words   |  4 PagesWashington DC schools are no longer used for educating. DCPS has involuntary evolved to a place just to give jobs to people. Accordingly, for schools to succeed they must be treated like a business: management needs to change to higher ranking authorities, while education focused decisions are delegated to school boards and teachers. Washington DC schools are scoring the lowest in the country for reading and math in federal standards. â€Å"Many people believed that so long as the city is populatedRead MorePublic Schools : The Highest Levels Of Public Education1411 Words   |  6 Pages Are children and teens in American public school systems being set up for failure? American schools can be deemed good or bad by many, but in my opinion public schools are bad. I have numerous of reasons for my speculations, not only with experience in public school but also my point of view. I will clarify my reasons of belief from the beginning of the highest levels of public education. I will also illustrate the main issues to why I believe public schools can set a child up to fail educationallyRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Measles Vaccination Rates1314 Words   |  6 Pagesget a measles vaccine to attend school, but not necessarily a flu vaccine. The measles outbreak in Disneyland spurted outcry to protect our children against measles, although there are always numerous flu outbreaks every year. Noticing this, David Ropeik wrote his op-ed piece â€Å"Stop Fussing over Measles Vaccination Rates. Start Worrying about Flu Shots† towards the end of 2015. It is here wher e Ropeik offers a compelling, yet structurally flawed, argument to focus on influenza over measles. David

The Theories Of Crime And Criminal Behavior - 1493 Words

In this essay the author will be drawing up on three different criminological theories and how they can explain crime and criminal behaviour differently. There is no universal definition of crime that gives a simple and straight forward definition. Crime is a constantly changing idea that changes due to the persons perceptions of what they would classify as ‘crime’ and what is regarded as criminal behaviour (crime and criminology). There is also no straightforward way of explaining what criminal behaviour is, as it can be something that breaks the law. However, there may be many reasons or circumstances for this action, which take a criminal act and decriminalises it. One of the three criminological theories that will be discussed and explored is Subcultures. Subcultures emerge as a means of solving problems created by the incompatible demands of structure and culture (Newburn 2007:196). We see subcultures as a ‘gang’ with a different set of values and norms from mainstream society, so this therefore gets them labelled as ‘deviant’ and non conformists. There can be many different forms of subcultures and individual beliefs can determine subcultures to be appropriate or non-appropriate depending on their own personal views, subcultures can be anything from punk rockers to bodybuilders, Muggleton, David (2002). Inside Subculture: The Postmodern Meaning of Style. Berg Publishers. ISBN 1-85973-352-2. Each Subculture has different views, morals and goals, these can be sharedShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Crime And Criminal Behavior Essay1624 Words   |  7 Pagesour minds. These questions then encourage us, naturally, to searc h for the answers. This is true in the area of crime and criminal behavior as well. Criminological theory attempts to describe why and how crime transpires by studying the countless social factors that influence someone to commit crimes. These theories are then supposed to explain both the understandings and roots of crime. Abstract outlooks offer an image of what something is and the best way of addressing that particular subject. InRead MoreThe Theories Of Crime And Criminal Behavior2300 Words   |  10 Pagesvarious aspects of crime and criminal behavior (Walsh Hemmens 2014). The scientific method often used in criminology, allows theories to be developed that relate to crime. These theories about crime are intended to explain certain crime facts. A theory is a set of logically connected prepositions explaining and predicting a phenomena (Walsh Hemmens 2014). A number of hypotheses can be derived and tested using a developed theory. Thus, these hypotheses can be tested in the criminal justice systemRead MoreCrime And Theory Of Criminal Behavior Essay1920 Words   |  8 PagesCriminality or criminal behaviour has long been the subject of great interest within psychology, captivating the interest of psychologists from all different perspectives (Hollin, 2013; Putwain Sammons, 2013). Due to this, there are many approaches to criminality and theories of criminal behaviour that have been supported by empirical evidence, which provide insightful, but different explanations of this psychology phenomenon (Eysenck, 2013; Hollin, 2013; Putwain Sammons, 2013). In spite of thisRead MoreThe Biological And Psychological Theories Of Crime And Criminal Behavior1764 Words   |  8 PagesCrime is adaptation to life stress. It is best understood in terms of the manner in which the individual experiences the biological, psychological and socially determined situations of his existence. (Halleck, 1967, p. 63) The modern police department was born out of urban mob violen ce that tormented the nation’s cities during the nineteenth century. The new police departments were replacements for the night-watch systems and relegated constables and sheriffs to serving court orders and running jailsRead MoreThe Strain Theory Of Criminal Behavior And Is A Breakdown Of Why People Commit Crimes1633 Words   |  7 PagesRunning Head: Strain Theory Stain Theory Keisha Harris Valdosta State University The strain theory explains the criminal behavior and is a breakdown of why people commit crimes. The theory was developed by an American Sociologist Robert K. Merton (1910-2003). Merton believed that the society influences deviance and plays a huge role in criminals committing crimes. Emile Durkheim (1858-1957) presented the earliest version of the strain theory. He believed that well-built societiesRead MoreThe Major Theories Of Criminal Behavior And The Impact Of Crime On Victims And Society1580 Words   |  7 PagesPsychology of Human and Criminal Behaviour Describing and Evaluating the Major Theories of Cause of Criminal Behaviour and the Impact of Crime on Victims and Society London Foundation campus 1. Introduction Akers Sellers (2013) noted that there are various common theories that are pertinent to the study of crime as the extents of crime explanations range from the genetic/biological through to the economic and social perspective. Howitt (2012) divided these theories into four categories:Read MoreTheories on Crime1253 Words   |  5 PagesTheories on Crime: The field of criminology is basically described as the study of crime through which the causes, prevention, and correction of offenses are examined. While this process can be extremely difficult, especially for students, the analysis of the causes of crime is significant to sociology and criminology. The difficulties associated with the study of crime originate from the numerous challenges in developing theories that explain human behavior. In relation to crime, human behaviorRead MoreCriminal Behavior And The Criminal Acts1115 Words   |  5 Pagescommit criminal acts. Criminal behavior has been studied for many years and theories have been suggested as to this very topic. Criminal behavior is when an individual commits a criminal act. A criminal act constitutes the violation of breaking the law. Criminal behavior can be linked to many crimes like organized crime along with misdemeanors and felonies (Jones, 2005). Burglaries are no exception when it comes to criminal behavior. Burglaries consist of either violent or non-violent and crimes againstRead MoreEssay on Theory of Criminal Behavior1000 Words   |  4 Pages0 Introduction Crime depicts any act or omission that is prohibited by the public law. On the same note, behavior is a function which has measurable differences in psychological characteristics among individuals (Brennan-Galvin, 2002). Such characteristics may be influenced by constitutional, personality attributes, and neurophysiologic or genetics factors. Likewise, criminal behavior is the commission of acts which in their situational and social settings are considered crimes due to the fact thatRead MoreTheories of Crime Comparison1157 Words   |  5 PagesTheories on Crime Comparison Angelika L. Arnold AJS/542 May 20, 2013 Marcela Morales Theories on Crime Comparison For several years, theorists have come to the conclusion that people commit crimes for several different

Temperature Definition in Science

Temperature is an objective measurement of how hot or cold an object is. It can be measured with a thermometer or a calorimeter. It is a means of determining the internal energy contained within a given system. Because humans easily perceive the amount of heat and cold within an area, it is understandable that temperature is a feature of reality that we have a fairly intuitive grasp on. Consider that many of us have our first interaction with a thermometer in the context of medicine, when a doctor (or our parent) uses one to discern our temperature, as part of diagnosing an illness. Indeed, temperature is a critical concept in a wide variety of scientific disciplines, not just medicine. Heat Versus Temperature Temperature is different from heat, although the two concepts are linked. Temperature is a measure of the internal energy of a system, while heat is a measure of how energy is transferred from one system (or body) to another, or, how temperatures in one system are raised or lowered by interaction with another. This is roughly described by the kinetic theory, at least for gases and fluids. The kinetic theory explains that the greater the amount of heat is absorbed into a material, the more rapidly the atoms within that material begin to move, and, the faster atoms move, the more the temperature increases. As atoms begin to slow down their movement, the material becomes cooler. Things get a little more complicated for solids, of course, but thats the basic idea. Temperature Scales Several temperature scales exist. In the United States, the Fahrenheit temperature is most commonly used, though the International System of Units (SI unit) Centigrade (or Celsius) is used in most of the rest of the world. The Kelvin scale is used often in physics and is adjusted so that 0 degrees Kelvin is equal to absolute zero, which is, in theory, the coldest possible temperature and at which point all kinetic motion ceases. Measuring Temperature A traditional thermometer measures temperature by containing a fluid that expands at a known rate as it gets hotter and contracts as it gets cooler. As the temperature changes, the liquid within a contained tube moves along a scale on the device. As with much of modern science, we can look back to the ancients for the origins of the ideas about how to measure temperature back to the ancients. In the first century CE, the Greek philosopher and mathematician Hero (or Heron) of Alexandria (10–70 CE) wrote in his work Pneumatics about the relationship between temperature and the expansion of air. After the Gutenberg Press was invented, Heros book was published in Europe in 1575, its wider availability inspiring the creation of the earliest thermometers throughout the following century. Inventing the Thermometer The Italian astronomer Galileo  (1564–1642) was one of the first scientists recorded to have actually used a device that measured temperature, though it is unclear whether he actually built it himself or acquired the idea from someone else. He used a device called a thermoscope to measure the amount of heat and cold, at least as early as 1603. Throughout the 1600s, various scientists tried to create thermometers that measured temperature by a change of pressure within a contained measurement device. English physician Robert Fludd (1574–1637) built a thermoscope in 1638 that had a temperature scale built into the physical structure of the device, resulting in the first thermometer. Without any centralized system of measurement, each of these scientists developed their own measurement scales, and none of them really caught on until Dutch-German-Polish physicist and inventor  Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736) built his in the early 1700s. He built a thermometer with alcohol in 1709, but it was really his mercury-based thermometer of 1714 that became the gold standard of temperature measurement. Edited by Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.

Reflection Of My English 1102 Course - 932 Words

Reflection of my English 1102 course throughout the semester I learned many new things from English 1102 class. It was not much fun but I learned some interesting things. For my research, I needed a topic that interests me. I first started to search topics from the chemistry field. I could not find any interesting topics then I came across an article that talks about how robots will take our jobs and every one would be jobless. After reading that article, I was really convinced that robots were bad for human society and people should be focusing on improving other fields such as medicine than wasting time and money in inventing a robot, which is one type of luxury and that, will take our jobs. So I chose this topic for my research. For further discussions, I started searching for some more article about robots not good for human society and I found that there was not much about the negative impact of robots in human society other than taking human jobs. So I was stuck but then I found an article that supports the robots. It was a good article and it explains how robots are useful in human society. The Article says that robots will create new jobs and benefit employers, government and disable people. I also found in one article saying that if robots will do our jobs humans can focus on bigger problems like finding cures for diseases, finding solution to prevent natural disasters and many more. Therefore, I decided to support the robot’s positive impact rather than supportingShow MoreRelatedWriting Is A For A Foreign Place Is Leaving Home961 Words   |  4 PagesThe hardest part of adventuring out into a foreign place is leaving home. You do not know what to expect, but you trust that the experience you have gained in your life so far will guide you in the best direction. After reflecting on my experience in English 1102, I would say writing is similar to traveling to foreign places. There is a lot of preparation that is involved in traveling to your final destination, just like how there is a lot of planning for y our final draft of writing. Each conceptRead MoreThe Layers And Cycles Of Writing. Like The Layers On An1487 Words   |  6 Pageslayer. With lengthier papers due in shorter time frames, English 1102 forced me into a more efficient method of writing that still maintained its quality: the method of drafting. Though it meant binding myself into a long term commitment, using drafts solidified my writing process and provided an efficient alternative for my writer’s block. In and of itself, sticking to drafting was a challenge, but it has helped me better explore and develop my thoughts throughout the writing process, leading to aRead MoreThe Reflection Of Ivy As A Writer1001 Words   |  5 PagesReflection of Ivy as a Writer As a writer, I develop more every time I step foot into the classroom. Over the years of learning how to write, I was not always confident. In fact, as of this current year of 2015 I am the most confident as a writer than I have ever been. This year I began college, where I am taking English 1101 with Professor Ricky Weaver. I have learned many different writing strategies in this class, ways to brainstorm, grammar rules, tips to avoid writers block, and so much moreRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagestrademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. Used herein under license. Library of Congress Control Number: 2006933904 Student Edition: ISBN-13: 978-0-495-11873-2 ISBN-10: 0-495-11873-7 ââ€"   To my nephews, Jesse and Luke Smidt, who bet I wouldn’t put their names in this book. R. P. ââ€"   To my wife, Sally, and my daughter, Anna C. O. ââ€"   To Carol, Allie, and Teri. J. D. ââ€"   About the Authors puter Teacher of the Year award in 1988 and received the Siemens Award for Advanced Placement in mathematics

Adolescent Behavior Essay - 2533 Words

Introduction This chapter will review the factors that affect suicidal tendencies amongst adolescents as well as the role music plays in adolescent behavior. As there is a dearth of documentation on the emo culture, this review relied on articles and researches done in the United States and Australia. Music and the Adolescent According to Roe â€Å"music plays an important social role† in the development of adolescents (Roe K, 2000). Music acts as a buffer for adolescents; substituting as a means of distraction as well as entertainment. Roberts and Christenson (2001) assert that adolescent also use music as a way to take control of their moods and emotions. They maintain that music is also used as a means in the formation of their†¦show more content†¦A study done by the National Institute of Media and Family in 1999 found that the contents of the top ten CDs revealed that each CD contained at least one song with sexual contents and that â€Å"genres such as rock, heavy metal and new emerging genres revolve around death, homicide, suicide and self mutilation.† A number of correlation studies that have been conducted, reported that there are positive associations between exposure to heavy metal music and a variety of troublesome attitudes and behaviors. Martin, Clarke, and Pearce (1993) did a study investigating the relationship between music preferences using a sample of Australian high schools. The result of the study ascertained that significantly more females in the combined â€Å"rock and heavy metal’ group reported having thoughts of killing themselves and engaging in acts of self harm as opposed to those in the â€Å"pop† group. The study also found that those with preexisting problems gravitated towards certain types of music. There are many who refutes the effects of lyrics; the argue that children and adolescent use music only for entertainment and that little attention, if any, is paid to the words. They also go on to say that the understanding of the lyrics is limited to the experiences lived by the listeners. Wass et al (1991), however, found that the preference for certain type of music could be correlated with certain behaviors and a studyShow MoreRelatedThe Factors Of Adolescent Behavior1287 Words   |  6 PagesThe Factors of Adolescent Behavior as Defined by Aloe Blacc’s Song, â€Å"Love is the Answer† â€Å"Love is the answer/ It’s the only thing that everybody needs† –A. Blacc The presence of love plays a distinct role on society. The amount of compassion and support given greatly affects an individual’s outcome in life. The story told in Aloe Blacc’s music video â€Å"Love Is The Answer† centers on two teenage brothers who become separated after their parents’ divorce. With each son residing with one parent, the videoRead MoreThe Role Of Peer Influence On Adolescent Behavior2129 Words   |  9 Pageswith antisocial adolescents may increase rather than decrease antisocial behavior. Specifically Huefner, et al. (2009) looked for increases in adolescent’s behavioral problems as a result of them receiving treatment in a group rather than one on one. Haynie (2002) also felt it was import to assess whether adolescents are normally in friendship networks with all delinquent or non-delinquent members. Or are the circles of friends comprised by both delinquent and non-delinquent adolescents? The way theRead MorePsychosocial Fact ors That Affect Adolescent s Behavior876 Words   |  4 Pages Psychosocial Crisis in Adolescents Adolescence is an interesting stage of development and is the fifth stage of Erikson stages of development .According to Erikson adolescence is a time of searching for one’s own identity and developing a sense of autonomy. Trying on different â€Å"selves† is a common mental and behavioral activity of adolescents who are in the process of developing an internally anchored sense of who they are, rather than defining themselves by what others think or expect of themRead MoreAdolescent Behavior And Its Effects On Human Behavior1056 Words   |  5 Pagespeople are more interested in learning and practicing behavior to stay away from contracting the infection. Modifying behavior seems to play the most important role in preventing acquiring those kind of infectious disease. Many people are aware of the potential risk of unsafety sex attitude; some don’t, especially young people. It is trendy now that more young males are likely to risk their life by getting involved in unsafety sexual behavior. The risk even more increases when they combine drugsRead MoreAdolescent Behavior Case Study1105 Words   |  5 PagesThe second study to be addressed pertains to the likeliness of the program to decrease risky sexual behaviors in adolescents. This study tries to assess the effectiveness of the program in decreasing reports of participants having sex, unprotected sex and underage pregnancies after the completion of the program. The participants in this study were, on majority, 9th graders from different schools across the world. The criteria for selecting the schools was their curriculum, location, scheduling, andRead MoreSexual Content And Its Effect On Adolescent Behavior2223 Words   |  9 PagesSexual behavior and activity is a normal part of life. Most people believe that there is a certain age that is appropriate to begin being involved in such activities and behaviors. Within society today and more so with the younger generations media is playi ng a major role in the lives of adolescents. What is seen on television, in movies, and on video games by adolescents is often imitated. This article discusses the topic of sexual content in the media and its effect on sexual behavior in adolescentsRead MoreRisky Adolescent Sexual Behaviors And Reproductive Health760 Words   |  4 PagesSchelar, E. and Steward-Streng, N. R. (2011), Risky Adolescent Sexual Behaviors and Reproductive Health in Young Adulthood. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 43: 110–118. doi: 10.1363/4311011 Research Question. There were two research questions expressed in the study. One question expressed the concern if engaging in risky sexual behaviors led to a more negative outcomes in adolescence. The second question inquired on which behaviors had a link to certain negative outcomes. The hypothesisRead MoreAdolescents Behavior1793 Words   |  8 PagesFamily Lifestyle and the behavior of members within the family have been shown to have a direct affect on a teenagers behavior everywhere. Any older person, especially a family member, can influence a child very easily because he always looks up to that family member. If a person in the family is involved in a criminal activity then the children can be turned on by this and become interested in doing the same thing. If the guardian or parent of a teenager does not punish him for doing somethingRead More Does The Media Influence Adolescents Sexual Behaviors and Attitudes?1299 Words   |  6 Pagesas hormone increase, sexual desires etc. The media can sometimes influence adolescents to become sexually active. They are more susceptible to being swayed to accepting sexual acts as being normal during the puberty stage. Depending on the age and phase of growth the adolescents are going through, their cognitive skills permit them to decisively explore the hidden messages found in the media. Studies show that adolescents’ sexuality is linked to the media; however, the affiliation is not apparentRead MoreParent Management Training : A Behavioral Treatment For Children And Adolescents With Aggressive, Antisocial And Defiant Behaviors1371 Words   |  6 Pagesevidence-based intervention instilled to parents of children and adolescents with aggressive, antisocial and defiant behaviors. Parents are taught social learning techniques with the purpose of changing the behavior of their children. Parents learn effective parent-child relationship management strategies and parenting skills through exercises and role pla y with the therapist. These methods include observing and recording behavior, positive reinforcement, token reinforcement, time out reinforcement

Contract Law Materials and Text Catherine

Question: Discuss about the Contract Law and Materials and Text Catherine. Answer: Introduction: Under the contract law, it has been provided that certain elements should be present in an agreement so that the agreement can be termed as an agreement enforceable by law or in other words, a valid contract. Therefore, in a valid contract, one party should make an offer, such offer should be accepted by the party to whom the offer was made, it should be supported by lawful consideration. Another requirement is that at the time of entering into the agreement, it should be the intention of the parties to create a legal relationship. This means that the parties should have the intention that the demand created by them should be enforceable by law. It is also necessary in this case for the parties to have the capacity to produce a valid contract. According to the first requirement, an offer has to be made (Atiyah, 1990). In this context, it is worth mentioning that an offer is different from a mere invitation to treat. Whereas if accepted, the outcome of offer is a valid contract, provi ded the other elements are present, an invitation to treat this merely made for the purpose of inviting offers from the other parties. The law of contract also requires that the offeree should accept the offer exactly in the same way. Hence, the law requires that the acceptance should be the major image of the offer. But if, while accepting the offer, the party has introduced new terms, the acceptance is not valid. In such a case, it is considered as a counter offer. In the same way, one such element is consideration that should be present in every valid contract. Due to this reason, a contract cannot be enforced by the law if consideration is not present. But in this context, it has been stated that it is not necessary that the consideration should be adequate or commercially realistic and similarly does not necessary to be expressed in monetary terms, the only requirement is that the consideration should be "sufficient". In the present research paper, it will be evaluated if the a bove statement is true. For this purpose, the relevant cases will also be explored and similarly the difference that exists between adequacy and sufficiency in terms of consideration will also be evaluated (Craswell and Schwartz, eds 1994). Before proceeding further it becomes important to discuss the meaning of the term consideration under the contract law. As mentioned above, consideration is essential in every lawful contract. This requirement has been introduced by the law contract for two purposes. The first purpose concerns the evidence for establishing the occurrence of a lawful contract among the parties. Hence, the requirement of consideration helps in evading the frauds that would otherwise happen if it becomes difficult to enforce oral promises. The other reason behind the need for consideration in a contract plays a deliberative role (McKendrick, 2009). Without this requirement, even informal statements made in routine life will also be enforceable under the law. Therefore, the need for the presence of consideration in a contract helps in establishing a distinction amid the informal statements and the statements that public intended to be enforceable by the law. Hence, this requirement helps in making sure t hat the people are not overly defensive while they are dealing with routine matters (Beale, ed. 2002). Similarly, the need for the presence of consideration also helps in making sure that the courts do not have to face a large number of unsubstantial cases related with the law contract. In this context, according to the law contract, the consideration can be mentioned as the act of the forbearance or the price that needs to be paid by one party to the other in lieu of the promise made by such a party (Carter and Harland, 2002). It is worth mentioning at this point that the lock onto it provides that consideration can be executed or executory but under the law, passed consideration is not treated as valid. The law requires that the promisee should supply the consideration but it is not necessary that the consideration also move in favor of the promisor. Consequently, it is necessary that one party should supply the consideration but it is not required that the consideration should be provided to the other. The result is that the consideration that has been provided to third parties also valid. Another important principle that is related with consideration provides that while it is necessary that the consideration ought to be sufficient but it is not required under the law contract that it should also be adequate (Collins, 2003). In order to evaluate the accuracy of the above-mentioned statement regarding consideration, the next step is to discuss the meaning of the term adequacy of consideration. It is worth mentioning at this point that generally adequacy and sufficiency of consideration are treated to be having the same meaning. The result is that these two terms are generally used interchangeably. It is generally believed that the terms adequate consideration and sufficient consideration have the same meaning. However, the law of contract provides that the terms adequate consideration and sufficient consideration have different meanings under the law of contract (Peel and Treitel, 2011). Usually adequate consideration concerns the circumstances where the person had paid the price for the subject matter of the contract by surprise is not in proportion to the value of the object. For instance if A had entered into a contract with B according to which, B is going to sell this car to A for one dollar only, it cannot be said that adequate consideration is present. However in such cases, the contract law provides that they were the predicate consideration has not been supplied by a party to the contract, such a position does not have any impact on the validity of the contract. There are only certain circumstances where a party may plead the inadequacy of consideration for establishing that the contract was the result of force/fraud/duress (Elliot and Quinn, 2005). It is clear that even if adequate consideration is not present, it will not affect the validity of the contract. It has been stated by Manners LC in Grogan v Cooke (1812) that if a fair and bona fide consideration is present, the court will not look into the consideration minutely for seeing if full and ample consideration has been supplied or not. It appears that the decision of the courts that they will not evaluate the issue of the adequacy of consideration is correct. The first reason is that it is nearly impractical that the courts will have to examine adequacy of consideration. Similarly it will also be outside the resources of the courts to find if adequate consideration has been supplied by the parties in each and every contract. A difference is present between adequate consideration and sufficient consideration. The courts have considered that sufficient consideration has been supplied if the consideration has some economic value. Other than this condition of some economic value, it is also necessary that the consideration ought to be something that is recognized by law. In this way only a lawful consideration is treated as a valid consideration under the law. There are several cases in which the courts have arrived at the conclusion that the consideration was insufficient because in these cases, there was no economic value of the consideration. Consequently, things like moral duty, natural love and affection etc. are not treated by the law as having some economic value. Hence these are not treated as sufficient consideration. The consideration is not treated by the courts as sufficient if the party that has provided the consideration was already under a legal obligation to do the act. In such cases also, the court will arrive at the conclusion that the consideration is not sufficient. In view of these rules regarding sufficiency of consideration, the consideration will be treated as insufficient if the party that has provided the consideration has only performed the duties that it was already under a legal obligation to perform. The law also provides that the consideration will not be sufficient when any public duty was imposed on the party that has provided such a consideration. An illustration of the situation can be given in Collins v Godefroy (1831). In this case, a party got a subpoena which required a party to appear in a civil case and provide evidence. Later on the other party made a promise to pay six guineas if the party appeared i in accordance with the subpoena. Accordingly, the party appeared but the other party declined to give six guineas. The issue before the court was to see if adequate consideration has been supplied in this case and therefore the promise to pay six guineas can be enforced against the other party. However the decision of the court was that the other party was already required by the law to give evidence as a result of the subpoena issued to it. Thus, as a result of the fact that the party was already required by the law to appear in the court and give evidence, this act was not considered by the court as sufficient consideration. The issue regarding the sufficiency of consideration might also occur when a party is already required under an previous contract, concluded among the same parties, to perform certain duties. Consequently, in such cases, it needs to be decided if the promise made by the plaintiff, according to which the plaintiff agreed to fulfill the promise made in an earlier contract, can be treated as sufficient consideration. The cause is that in such cases also, the plaintiff is only trying to fulfill an obligation that was already enforced on the plaintiff. The issue in Stilk v Myrick (1809) was if the sailors have provided sufficient consideration when they agreed to perform the duties of the two deserters. The reason was that the sailors were already bound by a contract with the owners of the ship which provided that they will do everything that needs to be done in an emergency to bring the ship to the port. The result was that even if a promise has been made by the captain of the ship to pay the wages of the two deserters to the rest of the crew members but the court stated that this promise was not unforeseeable. The reasoning of the court was that the rest of the crew members were already required by their contract with the ship owners to perform all the duties that have been mentioned in the original contract. Therefore, it was the opinion of the court that by performing the duties of the two deserters, it cannot be said that the other crew members have provided sufficient consideration. Therefore, the promise to give the wages of the two deserters to the crew members cannot be enforced by the law. Williams v Roffey Bros Nicholls (Contractors) Ltd.(1989) also provides an example of such a situation. In this case, Roffey Brothers had contracted with a housing society to refurbish 27 flats. For this purpose they made a contract with carpenters, Lester Williams. After some time, Williams faced financial problems as the price decided in the contract was too low. Roffey Brothers wanted that the flats should be completed on time as there was a penalty clause in their contract with the housing society. Under these circumstances, they agreed to pay extra amount to Williams but later on they refuse to pay this amount. The court stated that sufficient consideration was present because Roffey Bros have achieved a practical benefit to him from the completion of work on time. Another significant example regarding sufficient consideration was provided in Chappell v Nestl Co. Ltd. (1959). In this case it was reaffirmed that consideration should be sufficient even if it is not adequate. The court stated that even empty wrappers of chocolate bar can be treated as adequate consideration. In view of the provisions of contract law related with consideration and the important decisions of the court regarding this matter, it can be stated that the statement is accurate that the consideration needs to be adequate even if it is not sufficient. A court will not look into the matter of adequacy of consideration. Similarly, it is not for the court to determine if a fair price has been paid to the other party under a contract or not. This issue has to be decided by the parties themselves. The courts are only concerned with the fact if the consideration provided under the contract has some economic value or not. References Atiyah, P.S. (1990) Essays on Contract, Oxford University Press, New York Beale, H. (ed.) (2002) Cases, Materials and Text on Contract Law (Hart Publishing, Oxford Carter, J.W. and Harland, D.J. (2002) Contract Law in Australia, 4th Edition, (Butterworths, Australia Collins, H. (2003) The Law of Contract, 4th Edition, Butterworths London Craswell, R. and Schwartz, A. (eds) (1994) Foundations of Contract Law (Oxford University Press, Oxford Elliot, Catherine and Frances Quinn, (2005) Contract Law, 5th Edition, Pearson Education Ltd. McKendrick, E. 2009Contract Law8th edn Palgrave Peel E and Treitel,G.H. 2011, Treitel on the Law of Contract,13th edn Sweet and Maxwell ChappellCo Ltd v Nestle Co Ltd [1959] UKHL 1 Collins v Godefroy (1831) 1 B Ad 950 Grogan v. Cooke (1812) 2 Ball B 230 Stilk v Myrick [1809] EWHC KB J58 Williams v Roffey Bros Nicholls (Contractors) Ltd [1989] EWCA Civ 5

ITSM at the Organization Administration Related †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the ITSM at the Organization. Answer: Introduction This study includes the review of ITSM at the NNIT organization. This study includes that the ITSM alludes to the whole of exercises, coordinated by approaches, composed as well as organized in procedures and supporting techniques, that are executed by the organization to arrange, plan, convey, work and control data innovation administration offered to customers. ITIL, was formally an acronym for the Information Technology Infrastructure Library, which is an arrangement of nitty-gritty practices for ITSM that spotlights on adjusting IT administrations with the necessities of the business. The Benefit Strategyis the middle and inception purpose of the ITIL lifecycle. It gives the directions on the elucidation and prioritization ofservice-supplier ventures inservices. More generally,SS focuses on serving the IT associations to enhance well as create over the long haul. One essential beginning of ITSM services can be completely found in the framework administration and capacities certif iably done in huge scale centralized server situations. Through consistent refinement throughout the years, these administrations and capacities have achieved an abnormal state of development. Issue and change administration, setup administration, scope organization, execution administration, calamity recuperation, accessibility administration, and so forth are a few cases. Importance of ITSM at NNIT ITSM is the usual term that depicts a key approach for planning, conveying, overseeing and enhancing the way data innovation is utilized in the organization. The objective of each ITSM system is to guarantee that the correct procedures, individuals and innovation are set up so that the organizations can meet its business objectives. ITSM is the principal branch on which working of NNIT depends. To propel the organization and to bring it on the topmost security offices as far as speculation and business is concerned, there is a need of hearty exchanging framework which is just conceivable with the assistance of IT administrations (Anson, 2014). The IT benefits administration is the most necessary thing in NNIT to prepare themselves to deal with each prerequisite of the customers. There are various types of customers available in the market and they generally have distinctive prerequisites as indicated by their business. To meet these prerequisites, there is a need of hearty exchanging framework online so that the NNIT could be ready to investigate each conceivable choice of speculation and business choices to give to the consumers or the customers. The alternate components which demonstrate the significance of ITSM technology in the NNIT are that they give ongoing, secure, available point by point data of the VN record to the customers who need to contribute with the assistance of condition of craftsmanship nonstop market access with finished online exchange framework. Each representative in the IT office and the segment in which business prerequisites are changed over into innovative arrangements is ITIL affirmed individual (Berk, 2015). This is because of the reason that if the workforce is profoundly qualified and prepared they can easily deal with each prerequisite of the clients whenever required. The distinctive divisions inside the NNIT worried with the ITSM as they investigate the crevice between the administrations. Considering those crevices, the enhan cements are necessary as well as those upgrades are finished by the employee individuals. ITIL Processes The ITIL forms as well as processes in the Information Technology Service Management guarantee that the NNIT organizations IT Services are given to an engaged, customer-friendly and cost-upgraded way. With the help of ITIL process, the IT Services of NNIT organization are unmistakably characterized, the success of the organization can be easily measured concerning the administrative arrangement, and the focus on change measures or dimensions can be presented where important. The ITIL procedures are assembled with internal stages: Service Strategy, Continual Service Improvement, (SO) Service Operation, (SD) Service Design, and (ST) Service Transition, along with it, each stage is centered on a particular period of an administration's or services lifecycle (Brasley, 2006). ITIL Stages Processes (SS) Service Strategy Stage Plan of action or strategy management for all Information Technology Services. Demand Management and Commercial Enterprise Management for all IT Services Business concern Relationship Management (SPM) Service Portfolio Management (Pollard, 2010) Service Design Stage Service Level Management (SCM) Service Catalogue Management Design Skillfulness Risk or Hazard Management Accessibility Management IT Service Coherence Management Capability Management Data Security Management Subject Management Provider Management (Rosa, 2014) Conformity Management Service Transition Stage Change Management Project Management Evaluation of Change Development of Application Release as well as Deployment Management Knowledge Management (Saber, Shoar and Khoursheed, 2017) Service Testing and Validation Service Quality as well as Configuration Management Service Operation Stage Event Management Request Fulfillment Trouble Management Artifact Management Application Management Specialized Management Incident Management (Statman, 2014) Access Management Control on IT Operations (CSI) Continual Service Improvement Stage Process Evaluation Explanation of CSI Initiatory Service Review Observation of CSI Inaugural Best Process: Service Operation The Service Operation (SO) envelops the everyday exercises, procedures, and foundation in charge of conveying an incentive to the NNIT's business through the technology. In SS, SD, ST, and CSI, this creates value. However, no service or administration is expanding as well as no business movement have been experienced. Since clients can get the administration amid Service Operation, NNIT requires high assistance levels to keep the beneficial utilization at abnormal states. No client needs to pay for an administration that never execute as required and is not accessible for use. The consumerization and administration experience is the major key calculate Service Operation. The objective of Service Operation is to keep up the everyday administrations to the level that there is not even a single issue that exists (Collis, 2014). At the point when issues do happen, the Service Operation standards direct reaction in view of the business needs. Benefit input from Service Operation all throu gh the ITIL benefit lifecycle empowers the consistent administration change. SO incorporates everyday exercises, procedures, and framework that is in charge of conveying an incentive to the organizations business through innovation. Similarly, as the vast majority anticipate that the lights will turn on at each flick of a switch, business clients have turned out to be totally subjective to the capacities that IT administrations empower (Kim, 2011). The IT clients have comparable assumptions about devouring innovation administrations. Thus, IT associations must totally work to guarantee that the basic administration conveyance and bolster foundation is upgraded to give nonstop esteem and the administration to their clients. The powerful operation groups should first work to anticipate issues. In case that an issue happens, they should comprehend the effect from a client's viewpoint and after that catch up with quick, remedial activity to reestablish benefits. Similarly, as a service organization gives different administration bundles to its clients, for example, vitality preservation programs alongside the conveyance of power IT offers an index of administrations to its clients. ITIL Service Operation concentrates on the all arranged capacities, procedures and controls that should be set up to give nonstop utility to the business in view of the guaranteed administration level understandings (Deutscher and Felden, 2009). ITIL Service Operation focuses on the significance of measuring the experience from a client point of view rather than simply observing the greater part of the discrete foundation segments. The client utilization of IT assets for programming as an administration, stage as an administration, and framework as an administration is absolutely subject to the IT resource accessibility. Operations must be coordinated and high performing; generally, clients look for interchanging answers for empowering business results, presenting new dangers and comple xities. IT must have the capacity to make a "consumerized" encounter for clients who cooperate with the administrations they give. This experience ought to develop the idea of client self-administration and work viably with the versatile processing stages. With the development in BYOD activities, you have to oversee the individual gadgets with an indistinguishable thoroughness from whatever other corporate-claimed gadget. At long last, as more individuals swing to online networking for IT bolster, NNIT has to consolidate and coordinate the web-based social networking channels with the organization and the ITSM answers for empowering the administration work area to effortlessly and flawlessly connect with the client (Forsgren and Humble, 2013). Service strategy The service or administration technique on which NNIT needs to work is clarified. The reception of the globally prescribed administrations of IT administration will surely assist the organization to completely attain the competitive edges in the whole market. There ought to be dependably a worry of the residential laws as well as directions to oversee the account administration and money exchange administration. The technique on which NNIT needs to center is the advancement of the business office which will deal with the IT administration as well as give help to upgrade the capacity of the administrations in an auspicious way. This will definitely help the organizations NNIT to keep the IT department of the organization fully refreshed on the global level (Ghasemi, 2016). There is a win wording that can be connected to this idea that the NNIT's business improvement group is the group which arranges with the customers outside of the organization. They completely handle the necessities of all the customers, which will additionally contribute in knowing about the places in which the NNIT organization administrations are lingering behind as per the prerequisites of the customers. Satisfying that slacking focuses with the assistance of operation division and security office contribute to decreasing the hazard level to the administrations of the capacity given by the organization. The administration of the framework ought to be finished by ITIL for the IT administrations since it is the most dependable framework on a universal level. This framework has been picked in the wake of experimenting with various systems to deal with the IT administrations. The administrations methodology in view of this structure contributes in making the arrangement at the universal level. The purpose of this system is to arrange with the operating procedures of the organization and make them hazard free from all the elements (ITIL refreshed, 2007). To deal with each projection and potenti al dangers to the business, there is a need to utilize a steady state. The IT bureau of NNIT has elevated requirements that they will have to deal with any sort of customers in the closest future. For this, there is a need to embrace the ITIL framework and ISO 20000. They will give the NNIT enough stable stages to make it ready to deal with any of the issues or outcomes at any time. The more harmful framework can also be given to the organization with the goal that they would be minimum influenced by the projection in the market which is going into the subsidiary market soon. They will give more powerful exchanging stages to the organization (Weistroffer, 2011). As NNIT is the greatest value exchanging organization as well as to keep it in the focused position needs an administration of the move and the ensuing workload easily. The adequacy in the administrative procedure of ITIL can be expanded subsequent to the beginning of the appraisal of the client needs and the commercial cent er (Karkoskova and Feuerlicht, 2015). The lifecycle of the administration technique can be decided subsequent to checking which sort of administration should the IT association puts forth and distinctive sorts of abilities should be produced. A definitive objective of ITIL is to make the association think and act in a vital way (Kim, 2011). ITIL service strategy stage consists diverse procedures: SPM: The target of the ITIL portfolio administration is to give the administration to the organization portfolio. This sort of administration guarantees the correct blend of administration. These administrations help in meeting the necessary results at a fitting level of the venture. Demand Management: With the assistance of interest administration, NNIT can comprehend the impact and envision the client's request of the administrations. This kind of administration works with the limit administration to take care of the necessary demand and to guarantee that the specialized organization has adequate limits (Liswood, 2013). BRM: This aids in keeping up the positive association with the clients. The administration of the organizations business relationship helps in recognizing the necessities of the current and potential clients (Mourad and Hussain, 2014). This additionally helps in guaranteeing the suitable administrations which completely contribute in creating to address the issues of the clients. Service Portfolio Tool Service portfolio management and service portfolio tool are a method by which the NNIT organization can powerfully and straightforwardly oversees the asset speculation. The objective of SPM mainly is to expand the value of the organizations business while overseeing the dangers and expenses (Mourad and Johari, 2014). The NNIT attain several benefits by doing this and increases its business values by guaranteeing that the substance of SPM is in accordance with the NNIT's administration strategy. In participation with the alteration or change administration procedure, it assesses proposed services. And also significant changes to the existing administrations. SPM is a support to several grave procedures. It screens benefits in the whole pipeline. To begin with, as they continue through financing, then through outline, improvement, testing, as well as the arrangements (Statman, 2014). Once the operational it screens to guarantee that NNIT are accomplishing expected returns. Lastly, when the administration has achieved the end of its helpful life, it works properly with the (ST) Service Transition procedures to guarantee a methodical retirement and protection of fundamental records and resources. The goal of ITIL SPM is to deal with the administration portfolio. This ITIL procedure guarantees that the specialist service supplier has the correct blend of administrations to meet the desired business results at a proper level of assets. Managing administrations like portfolio is another idea in the ITIL. ITSM tools for SPM presents vital contemplating how the SP ought to be produced in the upcoming future (Mulvey, 2014). Following the presentation of SPM for Information Technology services prepare in the ITIL 2011, SPM has been re-centered to hold-up several exercises related with the dealing of the SP. The procedure outline of SPM is demonstrating the most critical interfaces. These are several ITSM based SPM sub-processes as well as process goals: Characterize and Analyze fresh and changed Services Main Objective of Process: To characterize the coveted results of the proposed fresh and changed administration, break down the effects on the existing administration in the SP, and decide the advantages needed to give the services. Endorse new as well as changed Services Main Objective of Process: To present a formal change content to the change administration or management, and to start the outline stage for changed or new service in case the change proposal is approved. Service Portfolio Reappraisal Main Objective of Process: To survey the SP at consistent interims, keeping in mind the end goal to guarantee that the specialized organization offers monetarily feasible services or administrations which are lined up with the complete service strategy. This procedure likewise stays up with the latest process of service portfolio (Pollard, 2010). ITSM tool for SPM COBIT: Its a system for creating, actualizing, checking and enhancing the data innovation administration and management patterns (Sekhra, Medromi and Sayouti, 2014). The COBIT structure is distributed by the Information Technology governance Institute as well as from ISACA. Microsoft's Operation Structure: A progression tool which has a series of almost 23 reports that guide experts of IT through the procedures of making, actualizing and overseeing productive and financially savvy services. Like MOF and ITIL, it also incorporates rules for the whole lifecycle of the IT benefits, from idea to retirement and substitution (Rosa, 2014). Six Sigma Tool: An administration system created by Motorola. The system stresses the setting to a great degree high goal, gathering information, and breaking down outcomes to a very fine degree as an approach to diminish surrenders in items and administrations. SPM with ITSM tools is the procedure which is completely accountable for the construction of the first SDP for every service as well as its mending through the assistance or service life interval. This also involves cooperating with the continuous service enhancement procedure (Saber, Shoar and Khoursheed, 2017). Conclusion and Recommendations After this study, I came to know that the NNIT organization is one of the named and popular organizations and if NNIT organization wishes to remain at the top in the entire market of related organizations, then the organization definitely needs to concentrate more on all the diverse factors as well as constituents which I have discussed above. There is a need that each respective team member from the Information Technology department of NNIT as well as all other members of staff should properly and devotionally contribute in preparing the entire framework more powerful as well as productive. The accreditation of Service Strategy (SS) is one of the most important prerequisites for the organization NNIT, this is because that with the help of Service Strategy, the NNIT will be ready to remain at the global level and give the best services to its international standard customers. This will additionally contribute in settling on themselves as the primary decision for large portions of the customers in the whole market. It has been concluded that the Service Portfolio Management (SPM) defrayal to an incorporated Service Management plan of action by accomplishing several goals. Every single service planned as well as operated by the supplier is registered. Every service goes through an arrangement of institutionalized exercises and techniques to guarantee the important management applicable data, for the delivery of support and service are recorded and given to the applicable administrative procedures. There are some suggestions or recommendations which NNIT organization must follow: These recommendations are given to the NNIT organization so the organization will be able to get better outcomes after applying all the above mentioned procedures; There is a demand to deal with the working of each expert employed inside or outside the organization so that the NNIT would be able to check that the work which is going on in the organization is on the right direction and performs the way of the agreement or not. Every service as well as their design configuration should be reviewed on a regular basis. Every service should be reviewed inside the continual service procedure through the SPM, a database for the service catalogue should be provided. References Anson, M. (2014). Institutional Portfolio Management.The Journal of Portfolio Management, 31(4), pp.33-43. Berk, J. (2015). Five Myths of Active Portfolio Management.The Journal of Portfolio Management, 31(3), pp.27-31. Brasley, R. (2006). Portfolio Theory Versus Portfolio Practice.The Journal of Portfolio Management, 16(4), pp.6-10. Collis, C. (2014). The service strategy.Business Strategy Review, 25(1), pp.30-32. Deutscher, J. and Felden, C. (2009). ITSM-Prozesse.Controlling, 21(6), pp.309-314. Forsgren, N. and Humble, J. (2013). DevOps: Profiles in ITSM Performance and Contributing Factors.SSRN Electronic Journal. Ghasemi, P. (2016). A Fuzzy Topsis Based Approach for ITSM Software Selection.SSRN Electronic Journal. ITIL refreshed. (2007).ITNOW, 49(4), pp.17-17. Karkoskova, S. and Feuerlicht, G. (2015). Extending MBI Model using ITIL and COBIT Processes.Journal of Systems Integration, pp.29-44. Kim, H. (2011). A Case Study on Realization of ITSM Performance Applying the Change Management Framework of ITSM.Journal of the Korea society of IT services, 10(3), pp.251-264. Liswood, L. (2013). A New System for Rating Service Quality.Journal of Business Strategy, 10(4), pp.42-45. Mourad, M. and Hussain, M. (2014). The Impact of Cloud Computing on ITIL Service Strategy Processes.International Journal of Computer and Communication Engineering, 3(5), pp.367-371. Mourad, M. and Johari, R. (2014). Resolution of Challenges That Are Facing Organizations before ITIL Implementation.International Journal of Future Computer and Communication, 3(3), pp.210-215. Mulvey, J. (2014). Applying Optimization Technology to Portfolio Management.The Journal of Portfolio Management, 30(5), pp.162-168. Pollard, C. (2010). An Interview with David Cannon ITSM Practice Principal, Hewlett-Packard Company (HP).Journal of Global Information Technology Management, 13(4), pp.93-100. Rosa, L. (2014). ITSM: um caso de sucesso do Modelo Trplice Hlice.Revista de Administrao da UFSM, 7(0). Saber, A., Shoar, S. and Khoursheed, M. (2017). Intra-thoracic Sleeve Migration (ITSM): an Underreported Phenomenon After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy.Obesity Surgery. SEKHARA, Y., MEDROMI, H. and SAYOUTI, A. (2014). Multi-Agent Architecture for Implementation of ITIL Processes: Case of Incident Management Process.International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 5(8). Statman, M. (2014). Behavioral Finance:Peter Bernstein and The Journal of Portfolio Management.The Journal of Portfolio Management, p.140913001535001. Weistroffer, H. (2011). Portfolio Selection For Service Systems.Journal of Service Science (JSS), 1(1), p.31. Arabalidousti, F., Nasiri, R., Davoudi, M. (2014). Developing a New Architecture to Improve ITSM on Cloud Computing Environment. International Journal On Cloud Computing: Services And Architecture, 4(1), 11-31. Bresky, N. (2001). Achieving Quality Through Continual Improvement. Technometrics, 43(1), 108-108. Ceylan, S. (2005). Certification study guide. [White Plains, N.Y.]: IBM, International Technical Support Organization. CLSI Guideline Supports Continual Improvement in the Laboratory. (2011). Lab Med, 42(11), 699-700.